Online Share Market Trading in India
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The financial market in India is growing rapidly and is expected to emerge as one
of the leaders in the international arena very soon. This boom in financial markets
is stimulating the growth of the Indian share market encouraging the investors to
invest in the share market.
The history of the share market of India dates back to 1875. The name of the first
share trading association in India was “Native Share and Stock Broker's Association”
which later came to be known as Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). This association began
with 318 members. Today India can boast of 24 share markets in the various parts
of the country, and a number of financial intermediaries that include banks, Non
Banking Financial Corporations, Insurance companies, Mutual Funds, etc.
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About Share Market of India
The Indian share market (capital market) is divided into two
segments:
I. Primary market
II. Secondary market
The Primary market is that market where new securities (like shares, debentures,
government bonds, CDs, CPs, etc.) are issued to the public.
Investors can subscribe to IPO of companies to buy new shares directly from the
issuer of shares i.e. the company. The company receives the proceeds from the sale
of these shares and uses it to fund its operations and expand its business. The
Primary Market is also known as the New Issues Market.
The Secondary market consists of trading in the shares of listed companies. Once
the initial sale of shares is undertaken, buying and selling shares of companies
can be undertaken between the traders and investors who want to purchase the shares
and those share-holders who want to sell their shares. These operations are undertaken
in the Secondary Market.
A newly issued IPO will be considered a primary market trade when the shares are
first purchased by investors directly from the underwriting investment bank; after
that any shares traded will be on the secondary market, between investors themselves.
In the primary market, share prices are set by the merchant bankers using valuation
methodologies, while the share prices in the secondary market are determined by
the market forces of supply and demand.
The share market of India is regulated by the Securities and Exchanges Board of
India (SEBI). The primary objective of SEBI is to promote healthy and orderly growth
of the share market and secure investor protection. The SEBI also regulates the
share transactions done by foreign investors and traders and also keeps check against
malpractices in the share market.
The scope of the share market in India has widened tremendously over the past few
years, thanks to the launch of a variety of products and services. Share markets
are, by nature, extremely volatile and hence the risk factor is an important concern
for the intermediaries. To reduce this risk, the concept of derivatives comes into
the picture. Derivatives are products whose values are derived from one or more
underlying assets. These assets can be forex, equity, etc. The derivatives market
in India is also expanding immensely with an increased number of market participants
using derivatives.
The need for a derivatives market; the derivatives market performs
a number of economic functions:
I. They help in channelizing risks from risk-averse people to risk oriented
people
II. They help in the discovery of future as well as current prices
III. They boost entrepreneurial activity
IV. They increase the volume traded in markets because of participation of
risk averse people in greater numbers
V. They increase savings and investment in the long run
The participants in a derivatives market:
• Hedgers use futures or options markets to reduce or eliminate the risk associated
with price of an asset
• Speculators use futures and options contracts to get extra leverage in betting
on future movements in the price of an asset. They can
increase both the potential gains and potential losses by usage of derivatives
in a speculative venture
• Arbitrageurs are in business to take advantage of a discrepancy between prices
in two different markets. If, for example, they see the
futures price of an asset getting out of line with the cash price, they
will take offsetting positions in the two markets to lock in a profit.
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